Stimulated Raman histology: one to one comparison with standard hematoxylin and eosin staining

International audienceWe present for the first time one-to-one correspondence between standard hema-toxylin/eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections and stimulated Raman histology (SRH)-a label-free technique in which stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are combined to generate virtual H&E images. Experiments were performed on both human thin cryogenic slides from the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and thick freshly excised biopsies from endoscopic surgery. Results on cryogenic slides evidenced an excellent agreement between SRH and H&E images while the ones on biopsies established the relevance of SRH for rapid intraoperative histology to assist in surgical decision making

Miniprobe confocal endomicroscopy for biliary stenosis: which place in 2012?

"L’endomicroscopie confocale est une technique émergeante qui permet la réalisation de véritables biopsies optiques au niveau du tractus digestif. Le diagnostic histologique pré-opératoire du cholangiocarcinome reste toujours très difficile avec une fiabilité très basse. Pour essayer d’améliorer cette situation, certaines équipes ont évalué la microscopie confocale pour la détection in vivo du cholangiocarcinome. Récemment des mini-sondes de microscopie confocale ont été développées permettant d’obtenir une histologie in vivo. Les images sont obtenues après injection de fluoroscéine qui permet une meilleure visualisation des vaisseaux sanguins. Etant donné que la néoangiogénèse est un des premiers évènements de la cancérogenèse, la mise en évidence d’une néo-vascularisation anarchique serait fortement évocatrice d’une transformation maligne. Cet article va essayer de faire le point sur les données de la littérature concernant cette nouvelle technique appliquée aux sténoses biliaires d’origine indéterminée. Des critères de la malignité ont déjà été établis en 2009 et publiés en 2011 sous le nom des critères de Miami. Depuis, deux études comparatives (Confocal I vs Brossage et biopsies biliaires per CPRE) ont montré la supériorité de la microscopie confocale avec une fiabilité de 83 à 86 % pour le diagnostic de malignité versus 50 à 53 % pour l’histologie standard. L’endomicroscopie confocale biliaire représente un progrès incontestable dans le diagnostic de malignité des sténoses biliaires indéterminées ; néanmoins, d’autres études restent nécessaires notamment pour définir les critères de sténoses inflammatoires afin de pouvoir différencier cholangite sclérosante primitive et cholangiocarcinome. "Confocal endomicroscopy is an emergent technique allowing for real optical biopsies in the GI tract. The preoperative diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is associated with a low sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, a new imaging modality was evaluated to detect neoplasia in vivo in the biliary tract. Recently, confocal miniprobes have been introduced, enabling in vivo histopathology.Images can be acquired after intravenous application of fluorescein. This approach has the further benefit to make blood vessels clearly visible. Because angiogenesis has been mentioned as an essential step in the development of cancers, documentation of blood flow, vessel density, and configuration might be relevant. This paper refers to the literature data regarding this new diagnostic technique for undetermined biliary strictures. Malignancy criteria were described during a meeting in Miami in 2009 and published on the same year as Miami’s criteria. Two studies reported the superiority of confocal microscopy versus the conventional brush cytology orERCP guided biopsies with an accuracy of 83 to 86% vs. 50-53%. The last study has reported a high negative predictive value of the confocal microscopy around 93%.Intraductal confocal microscopy represents a huge progress in the diagnostic of undetermined biliary strictures, but a better definition of benign criteria will be necessary to differentiate cholangiocarcinoma from primary sclerosing cholangitis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass